O difícil processo de análise com adolescentes


O diagnóstico é o melhor caminho

A análise para adolescentes é um processo árduo tanto para os pais como para o analista. Os pais, quando buscam a ajuda psicológica, geralmente já estão no limite da relação com o filho – tanto menina como menino -. E o analista, psicólogo ou psicóloga, se estiver desatento do seu papel analítico tenderá a assumir o papel de cura ou de ser o depositário de angústia familiar e do próprio adolescente.

A expectativa pelos pais em relação a análise do filho é a cura de uma doença que eles mesmos não sabem qual. E, se o analista partir para a busca de resolução da doença cairá no jogo dos pais, nomeando o adolescente como o patológico, sendo que provavelmente o comportamento desviante do adolescente está na ordem de uma “psicopatologia normal da adolescência” (Mauricio Knobel). O jogo dos pais em querer um depositário para aquilo no qual eles não conseguiram dar conta pode encontrar uma acolhida na mão de um profissional de psicologia que provavelmente se fará curador, com boas intenções – por desconhecimento teórico -, ou para ganhar dividendos econômicos por algo que necessariamente não trará o resultado desejado pelos pais.

Os cuidados que os pais devem ter ao escolher profissionais de psicologia para o atendimento de adolescentes é,  primeiramente, saber se o profissional tem formação e experiência para tal empreitada. Poderão receber às informações de famílias que já procuraram ajuda, ou até investigando se o profissional é especialista, possui publicações, presta serviços institucionais na área da adolescência, etc. Aí que mora o perigo, pois alguns profissionais que atuam de forma correta na análise de adolescentes são criticados por algumas famílias, principalmente aquelas que querem fazer do profissional de psicologia um mago curador. Se o profissional for idôneo, remeterá à família o que é obrigação dela e ao adolescente o que é função dele. Neste sentido, o profissional tende a perder pacientes, não entrando no jogo de fazer o adolescente de bode expiatório, livrando os pais da percepção da neurose coletiva familiar. Assim, o vilão da história passa a ser o profissional. São muitos os pacientes adolescentes que em tratamento em minha clínica, vêem o processo ser interrompido pelos pais, principalmente quando o adolescente enxerga que o problema não é só dele, ou que está mais na neurose dos pais; que o adolescente é um produto do meio e seus sintomas é resultado. Muitas vezes, a interrupção dos pais vem revestida de argumentos camuflados: – “é por que a grana está apertada”; ou por confronto ao analista: – “você está jogando nosso filho contra nós mesmos”.

Ao profissional de psicologia caberá um domínio amplo sobre as fases do desenvolvimento da adolescência para saber diagnosticar onde está o problema e saber ser instrumento articulador para que a família, por ela mesma encontre os caminhos para o auto gerenciamento da crise. O profissional deverá estar revestido de uma postura muito ética para não assumir papéis de que não pode dar conta, como: o pai e a mãe ausente; o curandeiro; o leva e trás recados aos pais; etc. É preciso que o profissional esteja muito atento para não fazer o jogo dos pais patológicos. Esta atenção profissional e ética é possível ser construída na forma de grupo de estudo entre especialistas da área, supervisão, cursos e congressos do gênero. O profissional de Psicologia deve estar em processo contínuo de supervisão e estudos em grupo para que o sucesso das intervenções que realizam aos adolescentes, seja resultado de um processo que tem suas turbulências, faz sofrer, tem altos e baixos e possa vislumbrar alta. A alta de um processo para adolescentes, não estará no resultado esperado inicialmente pelos pais: – da formatação do filho em alguém “equilibrado” e que se comporte conforme eles querem. A alta acontece quando no processo, o profissional de psicologia, em conjunto com os pais e adolescente, conseguem observar que os problemas existirão sempre, porém com a diferença que o núcleo familiar saberá enfrenta-los e não evita-los. Os problemas familiares e comportamentais são parecidos com a fonte de água, não para de jorrar. Se um dia cessar, é sinal de que a vida familiar está morrendo.

Por isto, enfrentar um processo analítico para filhos adolescentes é um caminho árduo e em longo prazo, requer abertura de todos para aprenderem onde cada um tem parte no processo. Não enfrentar pois um problema hoje poderá tornar um vulcão destrutivo no amanhã.

O melhor caminho diante de situações cuja família não está dando conta, é procurar ajuda, é fazer diagnóstico. Quem procura ajuda, revela-se forte, ao contrário do que muitas famílias imaginam que buscar ajuda é sinônimo de fracasso. Reconhecer-se limitado é um bom princípio de sabedoria. Somos uma espécie que precisa do outro. Procurar uma ajuda é assumir-se humano. Nega-la é assumir-se onipotente. Assim como, partir para a aventura da análise de adolescente com a convicção de que os resultados virão em curto espaço de tempo e que tudo será uma maravilha, é não conhecer sobre a adolescência e suas diferentes facetas.


*Gerson Abarca é Psicólogo psicoterapeuta graduado pela UNESP/SP – 1990. Escritor pela Ed. Paulus. Atua na cidade de Vitória em psicoterapia de base psicanalítica para crianças adolescentes e adultos. Mentor do site: abarcapsicologo.com.br. Mais informações no telefone (27) 99992-0428 e no endereço: Rua Eugênio Neto, 488 – Ed. Praia Office – Sala 1001, Praia do Canto ( Ao lado da Igreja Sta Rita).

Veja mais sobre artigos relacionados ao tema psicologia contextualizada: http://abarcapsicologo.com.br/

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